Your car's engine is essentially a giant air pump, combusting a mixture of fuel and air with a carefully timed spark. The more air the engine has available, the more horsepower it can make.
An engine that breathes more easily will also show improvements in throttle response. Throttle response is measured by the amount of delay or hesitation that your car exhibits between when you press down on the gas pedal and when the engine responds by delivering power. Improvements in throttle response give you more "pep" in your car's acceleration.
An engine that is getting the optimal amount of air flow is an efficient engine, and one that may show improvements in fuel mileage over an engine that is gasping for breath through a clogged air filter. With fuel prices at record highs, isn't it nice to know that something as simple and inexpensive as changing or cleaning your car's dirty air filter may improve mileage?
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